Hauv "Fire Engineering" luam tawm thaum lub Plaub Hlis 2006, peb tau tham txog cov teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum hluav taws tshwm sim hauv ib lub tsev lag luam ib-zaj dab neeg. Ntawm no, peb yuav tshuaj xyuas qee qhov kev tsim kho tseem ceeb uas yuav cuam tshuam rau koj lub tswv yim tiv thaiv hluav taws.
Hauv qab no, peb coj cov qauv hlau ntau lub tsev ua piv txwv los qhia seb nws cuam tshuam li cas rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm txhua lub tsev ntawm ntau theem ntawm lub tsev (duab 1, 2).
Kem structural tus tswv cuab nrog compression nyhuv. Lawv kis tus luj ntawm lub ru tsev thiab hloov mus rau hauv av. Qhov tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm kem yuav ua rau lub cev qhuav dej ntawm ib feem lossis tag nrho ntawm lub tsev. Hauv qhov ua piv txwv no, cov studs raug kho rau cov pob zeb hauv pem teb thiab bolted rau I-beam ze ntawm lub ru tsev. Thaum muaj hluav taws kub, steel beams ntawm lub qab nthab los yog lub ru tsev qhov siab yuav sov thiab pib nthuav thiab twist. Cov hlau nthuav dav tuaj yeem rub lub kem deb ntawm nws lub dav hlau ntsug. Ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv hauv tsev, qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm kem yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Yog tias koj pom ib kem uas zoo li slanted los yog tsis tag ntsug, thov ceeb toom rau Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Teeb Meem (IC) tam sim ntawd. Lub tsev yuav tsum tau khiav tawm tam sim ntawd thiab yuav tsum tau hu xov tooj (duab 3).
Hlau beam-ib kab kab rov tav uas txhawb nqa lwm cov kab teeb. Cov girders yog tsim los nqa cov khoom hnyav, thiab lawv so ntawm lub uprights. Thaum hluav taws thiab cua sov pib erode lub girders, cov hlau pib nqus cua sov. Thaum txog 1,100 ° F, cov hlau yuav pib ua tsis tiav. Ntawm qhov kub no, cov hlau pib nthuav thiab twist. Ib tug 100-foot-ntev steel beam yuav nthuav dav li ntawm 10 ntiv tes. Thaum cov hlau pib nthuav dav thiab twist, cov kab uas txhawb nqa cov kab hlau kuj pib txav mus. Kev nthuav dav ntawm cov hlau yuav ua rau cov phab ntsa ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm lub girder thawb tawm (yog tias cov hlau tsoo rau hauv phab ntsa cib), uas yuav ua rau phab ntsa khoov lossis tawg (duab 4).
Lub teeb steel truss beam joists-ib qho sib npaug ntawm cov kab teeb steel, siv los txhawb cov plag tsev lossis cov ru tsev qis. Pem hauv ntej, nruab nrab thiab nram qab steel beams ntawm lub tsev txhawb nqa lub teeb trusses. Lub joist yog welded rau steel beam. Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm hluav taws kub, lub teeb truss yuav sai sai nqus cua sov thiab tej zaum yuav poob nyob rau hauv tsib mus rau kaum feeb. Yog hais tias lub ru tsev yog nruab nrog cua txias thiab lwm yam khoom siv, lub cev qhuav dej yuav tshwm sim sai dua. Tsis txhob sim txiav lub ru tsev reinforced joist. Ua li no tej zaum yuav txiav tawm lub qaum chord ntawm lub truss, lub ntsiab load-bearing tswv cuab, thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau tag nrho cov truss qauv thiab lub ru tsev puas.
Qhov sib nrug ntawm cov joists tuaj yeem yog li plaub mus rau yim taw sib nrug. Xws li qhov dav dav yog ib qho laj thawj vim li cas koj tsis xav txiav lub ru tsev nrog lub teeb steel joists thiab Q-zoo li lub ru tsev nto. Tus Lwm Thawj Coj Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Hluav Taws Xob New York (nyiaj laus) Vincent Dunn (Vincent Dunn) tau taw qhia hauv "Kev Sib Tw ntawm Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob: Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Nyab Xeeb Hluav Taws Xob" (Fire Engineering Books and Videos, 1988): "Qhov txawv ntawm ntoo joists thiab steel Qhov tseem ceeb tsim qhov sib txawv Cov kev txhawb nqa sab saum toj ntawm joists yog qhov sib nrug ntawm cov joists. Qhov sib nrug ntawm qhov qhib steel mesh joists yog mus txog 8 ko taw, nyob ntawm seb qhov loj ntawm cov hlau tuav thiab lub ru tsev load. Qhov chaw dav ntawm cov joists txawm tias tsis muaj steel joists Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub cev qhuav dej, kuj tseem muaj ntau yam txaus ntshai rau cov neeg tua hluav taws los txiav qhov qhib ntawm lub ru tsev lawj. Ua ntej, thaum lub contour ntawm qhov txiav yog yuav luag tiav, thiab yog hais tias lub ru tsev tsis ncaj nraim saum ib tug dav-spacing steel joists, lub txiav saum phaj yuav dheev khoov los yog hinged downward nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub. Yog hais tias ib tug ko taw ntawm tus tua hluav taws nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev txiav, tej zaum nws yuav poob nws tshuav thiab poob rau hauv hluav taws hauv qab no nrog ib tug chainsaw (duab 5).(138)
Hlau qhov rooj-kab rov tav steel txhawb nqa rov ua dua qhov hnyav ntawm cov cib hla lub qhov rais qhib thiab qhov rooj. Cov ntawv hlau no feem ntau yog siv rau hauv "L" duab rau qhov qhib me me, thaum I-beams yog siv rau qhov qhib loj. Lub qhov rooj tel yog khi rau ntawm phab ntsa masonry ntawm ob sab ntawm qhov qhib. Ib yam li lwm cov hlau, thaum lub qhov rooj qhov rooj kub, nws pib nthuav thiab twist. Qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau lintel tuaj yeem ua rau phab ntsa sab sauv tawg (duab 6 thiab 7).
Facade - sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev. Lub teeb steel Cheebtsam tsim cov ncej ntawm lub facade. Waterproof plaster cov ntaub ntawv yog siv los kaw lub qab nthab. Lub teeb yuag steel yuav sai sai poob lub zog thiab rigidity nyob rau hauv hluav taws. Qhov cua ntawm lub qab nthab tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev tawg ntawm gypsum sheath es tsis txhob tso cov neeg tua hluav taws rau ntawm lub ru tsev. Lub zog ntawm cov plaster sab nrauv no zoo ib yam li plasterboard siv nyob rau hauv feem ntau sab hauv phab ntsa ntawm tsev. Tom qab lub gypsum sheath raug ntsia rau hauv qhov chaw, tus tsim siv Styrofoam® rau ntawm lub plaster thiab ces coated lub plaster (duab 8, 9).
Lub ru tsev nto. Cov khoom siv los tsim lub ru tsev saum npoo ntawm lub tsev yog yooj yim los tsim. Ua ntej, Q-zoo li tus ntsia hlau ntsia hlau yog welded rau cov joists ntxiv. Tom qab ntawd, muab cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev ua npuas ncauj rau ntawm Q-zoo li lub rooj tsavxwm thiab kho nws rau lub lawj nrog screws. Tom qab cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw, muab cov roj hmab zaj duab xis rau cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev ua npuas ncauj kom tiav qhov chaw ntawm lub ru tsev.
Rau cov ru tsev qis qis, lwm lub ru tsev saum npoo koj tuaj yeem ntsib yog polystyrene npuas rwb thaiv tsev, npog nrog 3/8 nti latex hloov ua vaj tse.
Hom thib peb ntawm lub ru tsev saum npoo muaj ib txheej ntawm cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev ruaj ruaj rau lub ru tsev lawj. Tom qab ntawd cov ntaub ntawv asphalt yog glued rau txheej rwb thaiv tsev nrog kub asphalt. Tom qab ntawd lub pob zeb yog muab tso rau ntawm lub ru tsev saum npoo los kho nws nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiab tiv thaiv cov ntaub so ntswg.
Rau hom qauv no, tsis txhob xav txog kev txiav lub ru tsev. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tawg yog 5 mus rau 10 feeb, yog li tsis muaj sijhawm txaus los ua kom lub ru tsev zoo. Nws yog ntshaw kom tso pa tawm ntawm lub qab nthab los ntawm kab rov tav qhov cua (tawg los ntawm lub façade ntawm lub tsev) es tsis txhob tso cov khoom ntawm lub ru tsev. Txiav ib feem ntawm lub truss tuaj yeem ua rau tag nrho lub ru tsev nto. Raws li tau piav saum toj no, lub ru tsev panels yuav hinged downward nyob rau hauv lub luj ntawm cov tswv cuab uas txiav lub ru tsev, yog li xa neeg mus rau lub tsev hluav taws. Kev lag luam muaj kev paub txaus hauv lub teeb trusses thiab nws tau pom zoo kom koj tshem tawm ntawm lub ru tsev thaum cov tswv cuab tshwm sim (duab 10).
Suspended qab nthab aluminium lossis steel grid system, nrog steel hlau raug tshem tawm ntawm lub ru tsev txhawb nqa. Cov kab sib chaws yuav haum txhua lub qab nthab vuas kom tsim lub qab nthab tiav. Qhov chaw saum lub qab nthab uas raug tshem tawm ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau cov neeg tua hluav taws. Feem ntau hu ua "attic" lossis "truss void", nws tuaj yeem nkaum hluav taws thiab nplaim taws. Thaum qhov chaw no nkag mus, cov pa roj carbon monoxide tawg tuaj yeem raug hluav taws, ua rau tag nrho cov kab hluav taws xob tawg. Koj yuav tsum kuaj xyuas lub cockpit thaum ntxov thaum muaj hluav taws kub, thiab yog tias qhov hluav taws kub dheev tawg los ntawm lub qab nthab, txhua tus neeg tua hluav taws yuav tsum raug tso cai khiav tawm ntawm lub tsev. Cov xov tooj ntawm tes uas tau them rov qab tau raug teeb tsa nyob ze ntawm lub qhov rooj, thiab txhua tus neeg tua hluav taws tau hnav cov khoom siv puv ntoob. Hluav taws xob thaiv hluav taws xob, HVAC system Cheebtsam thiab roj kab tsuas yog qee qhov kev pabcuam hauv tsev uas yuav raug muab zais rau hauv qhov khoob ntawm cov trusses. Ntau cov kav xa hluav taws xob tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lub ru tsev thiab siv rau cov cua sov rau saum cov tsev (duab 11 thiab 12).
Niaj hnub no, steel thiab ntoo trusses raug ntsia rau hauv txhua hom vaj tse, los ntawm cov chaw nyob ntiag tug mus rau cov tsev ua haujlwm siab, thiab kev txiav txim siab khiav tawm cov neeg tua hluav taws tuaj yeem tshwm sim ua ntej ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw tua hluav taws. Lub sijhawm tsim kho ntawm cov qauv truss tau ntev txaus kom txhua tus neeg tua hluav taws yuav tsum paub tias cov tsev nyob hauv nws ua li cas thaum muaj hluav taws kub thiab ua raws li kev coj ua.
Txhawm rau npaj cov kev sib xyaw ua ke kom zoo, nws yuav tsum pib nrog lub tswv yim dav dav ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev. Francis L. Brannigan's “Fire Building Structure”, thib peb tsab (National Fire Protection Association, 1992) thiab Dunn phau ntawv tau luam tawm rau qee lub sijhawm, thiab nws yog ib qho yuav tsum nyeem rau txhua tus tswv cuab ntawm phau ntawv tua hluav taws.
Txij li thaum peb feem ntau tsis muaj sijhawm los tham txog kev tsim kho engineers ntawm qhov chaw tua hluav taws, lub luag haujlwm ntawm IC yog los kwv yees cov kev hloov pauv uas yuav tshwm sim thaum lub tsev hlawv. Yog tias koj yog tub ceev xwm lossis xav ua tub ceev xwm, koj yuav tsum tau kawm hauv architecture.
JOHN MILES yog tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Hluav Taws Xob New York, raug xa mus rau tus ntaiv thib 35. Yav dhau los, nws tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm tus ntaiv 35 thiab ua tus tua hluav taws rau 34 tus ntaiv thiab 82 lub cav. (NJ) Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Hluav Taws Xob thiab Spring Valley (NY) Lub Tsev Haujlwm Hluav Taws Xob, thiab yog tus kws qhia ntawm Rockland County Fire Training Center hauv Pomona, New York.
John Tobin (JOHN TOBIN) yog ib tug qub tub rog nrog 33 xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm tua hluav taws, thiab nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm Vail River (NJ) Lub Chaw Haujlwm Hluav Taws Xob. Nws muaj kev kawm tiav qib siab hauv kev tswj hwm pej xeem thiab yog ib tus tswv cuab ntawm pawg thawj coj saib xyuas ntawm Bergen County (NJ) Tsev Kawm Ntawv Txoj Cai thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb.
Hauv "Fire Engineering" luam tawm thaum lub Plaub Hlis 2006, peb tau tham txog cov teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum hluav taws tshwm sim hauv ib lub tsev lag luam ib-zaj dab neeg. Ntawm no, peb yuav tshuaj xyuas qee qhov kev tsim kho tseem ceeb uas yuav cuam tshuam rau koj lub tswv yim tiv thaiv hluav taws.
Hauv qab no, peb coj cov qauv hlau ntau lub tsev ua piv txwv los qhia seb nws cuam tshuam li cas rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm txhua lub tsev ntawm ntau theem ntawm lub tsev (duab 1, 2).
Kem structural tus tswv cuab nrog compression nyhuv. Lawv kis tus luj ntawm lub ru tsev thiab hloov mus rau hauv av. Qhov tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm kem yuav ua rau lub cev qhuav dej ntawm ib feem lossis tag nrho ntawm lub tsev. Hauv qhov ua piv txwv no, cov studs raug kho rau cov pob zeb hauv pem teb thiab bolted rau I-beam ze ntawm lub ru tsev. Thaum muaj hluav taws kub, steel beams ntawm lub qab nthab los yog lub ru tsev qhov siab yuav sov thiab pib nthuav thiab twist. Cov hlau nthuav dav tuaj yeem rub lub kem deb ntawm nws lub dav hlau ntsug. Ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv hauv tsev, qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm kem yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Yog tias koj pom ib kem uas zoo li slanted los yog tsis tag ntsug, thov ceeb toom rau Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Teeb Meem (IC) tam sim ntawd. Lub tsev yuav tsum tau khiav tawm tam sim ntawd thiab yuav tsum tau hu xov tooj (duab 3).
Hlau beam-ib kab kab rov tav uas txhawb nqa lwm cov kab teeb. Cov girders yog tsim los nqa cov khoom hnyav, thiab lawv so ntawm lub uprights. Thaum hluav taws thiab cua sov pib erode lub girders, cov hlau pib nqus cua sov. Thaum txog 1,100 ° F, cov hlau yuav pib ua tsis tiav. Ntawm qhov kub no, cov hlau pib nthuav thiab twist. Ib tug 100-foot-ntev steel beam yuav nthuav dav li ntawm 10 ntiv tes. Thaum cov hlau pib nthuav dav thiab twist, cov kab uas txhawb nqa cov kab hlau kuj pib txav mus. Kev nthuav dav ntawm cov hlau yuav ua rau cov phab ntsa ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm lub girder thawb tawm (yog tias cov hlau tsoo rau hauv phab ntsa cib), uas yuav ua rau phab ntsa khoov lossis tawg (duab 4).
Lub teeb steel truss beam joists-ib qho sib npaug ntawm cov kab teeb steel, siv los txhawb cov plag tsev lossis cov ru tsev qis. Pem hauv ntej, nruab nrab thiab nram qab steel beams ntawm lub tsev txhawb nqa lub teeb trusses. Lub joist yog welded rau steel beam. Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm hluav taws kub, lub teeb truss yuav sai sai nqus cua sov thiab tej zaum yuav poob nyob rau hauv tsib mus rau kaum feeb. Yog hais tias lub ru tsev yog nruab nrog cua txias thiab lwm yam khoom siv, lub cev qhuav dej yuav tshwm sim sai dua. Tsis txhob sim txiav lub ru tsev reinforced joist. Ua li no tej zaum yuav txiav tawm lub qaum chord ntawm lub truss, lub ntsiab load-bearing tswv cuab, thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau tag nrho cov truss qauv thiab lub ru tsev puas.
Qhov sib nrug ntawm cov joists tuaj yeem yog li plaub mus rau yim taw sib nrug. Xws li qhov dav dav yog ib qho laj thawj vim li cas koj tsis xav txiav lub ru tsev nrog lub teeb steel joists thiab Q-zoo li lub ru tsev nto. Tus Lwm Thawj Coj Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Hluav Taws Xob New York (nyiaj laus) Vincent Dunn (Vincent Dunn) tau taw qhia hauv "Kev Sib Tw ntawm Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob: Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Nyab Xeeb Hluav Taws Xob" (Fire Engineering Books and Videos, 1988): "Qhov txawv ntawm ntoo joists thiab steel Qhov tseem ceeb tsim qhov sib txawv Cov kev txhawb nqa sab saum toj ntawm joists yog qhov sib nrug ntawm cov joists. Qhov sib nrug ntawm qhov qhib steel mesh joists yog mus txog 8 ko taw, nyob ntawm seb qhov loj ntawm cov hlau tuav thiab lub ru tsev load. Qhov chaw dav ntawm cov joists txawm tias tsis muaj steel joists Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub cev qhuav dej, kuj tseem muaj ntau yam txaus ntshai rau cov neeg tua hluav taws los txiav qhov qhib ntawm lub ru tsev lawj. Ua ntej, thaum lub contour ntawm qhov txiav yog yuav luag tiav, thiab yog hais tias lub ru tsev tsis ncaj nraim saum ib tug dav-spacing steel joists, lub txiav saum phaj yuav dheev khoov los yog hinged downward nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub. Yog hais tias ib tug ko taw ntawm tus tua hluav taws nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev txiav, tej zaum nws yuav poob nws tshuav thiab poob rau hauv hluav taws hauv qab no nrog ib tug chainsaw (duab 5).(138)
Hlau qhov rooj-kab rov tav steel txhawb nqa rov ua dua qhov hnyav ntawm cov cib hla lub qhov rais qhib thiab qhov rooj. Cov ntawv hlau no feem ntau yog siv rau hauv "L" duab rau qhov qhib me me, thaum I-beams yog siv rau qhov qhib loj. Lub qhov rooj tel yog khi rau ntawm phab ntsa masonry ntawm ob sab ntawm qhov qhib. Ib yam li lwm cov hlau, thaum lub qhov rooj qhov rooj kub, nws pib nthuav thiab twist. Qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau lintel tuaj yeem ua rau phab ntsa sab sauv tawg (duab 6 thiab 7).
Facade - sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev. Lub teeb steel Cheebtsam tsim cov ncej ntawm lub facade. Waterproof plaster cov ntaub ntawv yog siv los kaw lub qab nthab. Lub teeb yuag steel yuav sai sai poob lub zog thiab rigidity nyob rau hauv hluav taws. Qhov cua ntawm lub qab nthab tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev tawg ntawm gypsum sheath es tsis txhob tso cov neeg tua hluav taws rau ntawm lub ru tsev. Lub zog ntawm cov plaster sab nrauv no zoo ib yam li plasterboard siv nyob rau hauv feem ntau sab hauv phab ntsa ntawm tsev. Tom qab lub gypsum sheath raug ntsia rau hauv qhov chaw, tus tsim siv Styrofoam® rau ntawm lub plaster thiab ces coated lub plaster (duab 8, 9).
Lub ru tsev nto. Cov khoom siv los tsim lub ru tsev saum npoo ntawm lub tsev yog yooj yim los tsim. Ua ntej, Q-zoo li tus ntsia hlau ntsia hlau yog welded rau cov joists ntxiv. Tom qab ntawd, muab cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev ua npuas ncauj rau ntawm Q-zoo li lub rooj tsavxwm thiab kho nws rau lub lawj nrog screws. Tom qab cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw, muab cov roj hmab zaj duab xis rau cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev ua npuas ncauj kom tiav qhov chaw ntawm lub ru tsev.
Rau cov ru tsev qis qis, lwm lub ru tsev saum npoo koj tuaj yeem ntsib yog polystyrene npuas rwb thaiv tsev, npog nrog 3/8 nti latex hloov ua vaj tse.
Hom thib peb ntawm lub ru tsev saum npoo muaj ib txheej ntawm cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev ruaj ruaj rau lub ru tsev lawj. Tom qab ntawd cov ntaub ntawv asphalt yog glued rau txheej rwb thaiv tsev nrog kub asphalt. Tom qab ntawd lub pob zeb yog muab tso rau ntawm lub ru tsev saum npoo los kho nws nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiab tiv thaiv cov ntaub so ntswg.
Rau hom qauv no, tsis txhob xav txog kev txiav lub ru tsev. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tawg yog 5 mus rau 10 feeb, yog li tsis muaj sijhawm txaus los ua kom lub ru tsev zoo. Nws yog ntshaw kom tso pa tawm ntawm lub qab nthab los ntawm kab rov tav qhov cua (tawg los ntawm lub façade ntawm lub tsev) es tsis txhob tso cov khoom ntawm lub ru tsev. Txiav ib feem ntawm lub truss tuaj yeem ua rau tag nrho lub ru tsev nto. Raws li tau piav saum toj no, lub ru tsev panels yuav hinged downward nyob rau hauv lub luj ntawm cov tswv cuab uas txiav lub ru tsev, yog li xa neeg mus rau lub tsev hluav taws. Kev lag luam muaj kev paub txaus hauv lub teeb trusses thiab nws tau pom zoo kom koj tshem tawm ntawm lub ru tsev thaum cov tswv cuab tshwm sim (duab 10).
Suspended qab nthab aluminium lossis steel grid system, nrog steel hlau raug tshem tawm ntawm lub ru tsev txhawb nqa. Cov kab sib chaws yuav haum txhua lub qab nthab vuas kom tsim lub qab nthab tiav. Qhov chaw saum lub qab nthab uas raug tshem tawm ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau cov neeg tua hluav taws. Feem ntau hu ua "attic" lossis "truss void", nws tuaj yeem nkaum hluav taws thiab nplaim taws. Thaum qhov chaw no nkag mus, cov pa roj carbon monoxide tawg tuaj yeem raug hluav taws, ua rau tag nrho cov kab hluav taws xob tawg. Koj yuav tsum kuaj xyuas lub cockpit thaum ntxov thaum muaj hluav taws kub, thiab yog tias qhov hluav taws kub dheev tawg los ntawm lub qab nthab, txhua tus neeg tua hluav taws yuav tsum raug tso cai khiav tawm ntawm lub tsev. Cov xov tooj ntawm tes uas tau them rov qab tau raug teeb tsa nyob ze ntawm lub qhov rooj, thiab txhua tus neeg tua hluav taws tau hnav cov khoom siv puv ntoob. Hluav taws xob thaiv hluav taws xob, HVAC system Cheebtsam thiab roj kab tsuas yog qee qhov kev pabcuam hauv tsev uas yuav raug muab zais rau hauv qhov khoob ntawm cov trusses. Ntau cov kav xa hluav taws xob tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lub ru tsev thiab siv rau cov cua sov rau saum cov tsev (duab 11 thiab 12).
Niaj hnub no, steel thiab ntoo trusses raug ntsia rau hauv txhua hom vaj tse, los ntawm cov chaw nyob ntiag tug mus rau cov tsev ua haujlwm siab, thiab kev txiav txim siab khiav tawm cov neeg tua hluav taws tuaj yeem tshwm sim ua ntej ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw tua hluav taws. Lub sijhawm tsim kho ntawm cov qauv truss tau ntev txaus kom txhua tus neeg tua hluav taws yuav tsum paub tias cov tsev nyob hauv nws ua li cas thaum muaj hluav taws kub thiab ua raws li kev coj ua.
Txhawm rau npaj cov kev sib xyaw ua ke kom zoo, nws yuav tsum pib nrog lub tswv yim dav dav ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev. Francis L. Brannigan's “Fire Building Structure”, thib peb tsab (National Fire Protection Association, 1992) thiab Dunn phau ntawv tau luam tawm rau qee lub sijhawm, thiab nws yog ib qho yuav tsum nyeem rau txhua tus tswv cuab ntawm phau ntawv tua hluav taws.
Txij li thaum peb feem ntau tsis muaj sijhawm los tham txog kev tsim kho engineers ntawm qhov chaw tua hluav taws, lub luag haujlwm ntawm IC yog los kwv yees cov kev hloov pauv uas yuav tshwm sim thaum lub tsev hlawv. Yog tias koj yog tub ceev xwm lossis xav ua tub ceev xwm, koj yuav tsum tau kawm hauv architecture.
JOHN MILES yog tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Hluav Taws Xob New York, raug xa mus rau tus ntaiv thib 35. Yav dhau los, nws tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm tus ntaiv 35 thiab ua tus tua hluav taws rau 34 tus ntaiv thiab 82 lub cav. (NJ) Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Hluav Taws Xob thiab Spring Valley (NY) Lub Tsev Haujlwm Hluav Taws Xob, thiab yog tus kws qhia ntawm Rockland County Fire Training Center hauv Pomona, New York.
John Tobin (JOHN TOBIN) yog ib tug qub tub rog nrog 33 xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm tua hluav taws, thiab nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm Vail River (NJ) Lub Chaw Haujlwm Hluav Taws Xob. Nws muaj kev kawm tiav qib siab hauv kev tswj hwm pej xeem thiab yog ib tus tswv cuab ntawm pawg thawj coj saib xyuas ntawm Bergen County (NJ) Tsev Kawm Ntawv Txoj Cai thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb.
Post lub sij hawm: Mar-26-2021