Kev siv cov iav nyias cog lus kom ua tiav ntau yam dej num hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam. Ntxiv nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig ib puag ncig ntawm kev siv cov peev txheej zoo dua, cov kws tsim vaj tsev tuaj yeem siv cov iav nyias kom ua tiav qib tshiab ntawm kev tsim kev ywj pheej. Raws li txoj kev xav ntawm cov qhaub cij, cov iav nyias nyias tuaj yeem ua ke nrog 3D luam tawm qhib-cell polymer core los ua nruj heev thiab hnav.
cov khoom sib xyaw. Kab lus no nthuav tawm kev tshawb nrhiav kev sim ntawm digital fabrication ntawm nyias iav-composite façade panels siv cov neeg hlau. Nws piav qhia txog lub tswv yim ntawm digitizing Hoobkas-rau-lub Hoobkas ua haujlwm, suav nrog kev tsim kho tshuab computer (CAD), engineering (CAE), thiab kev tsim khoom (CAM). Txoj kev tshawb no qhia txog cov txheej txheem tsim qauv parametric uas ua rau muaj kev sib txuam ntawm cov cuab yeej ntsuas digital.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem no qhia tau hais tias muaj peev xwm thiab cov teeb meem ntawm digitally manufacturing nyias iav composite panels. Qee yam ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ua los ntawm kev lag luam neeg hlau caj npab, xws li kev tsim khoom loj, kev ua haujlwm saum npoo, gluing thiab cov txheej txheem sib dhos, tau piav qhia ntawm no. Thaum kawg, thawj zaug, kev nkag siab tob txog cov khoom siv sib xyaw ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag sib xyaw tau txais los ntawm kev sim thiab kev tshawb fawb txog zauv thiab kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag hauv qab qhov chaw thau khoom. Lub tswv yim tag nrho ntawm cov qauv tsim digital thiab fabrication workflow, nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim cov kev tshawb fawb, muab lub hauv paus rau kev sib koom ua ke ntxiv ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab kev txheeb xyuas, nrog rau kev ua cov kev tshawb fawb dav dav hauv kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej.
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom siv digital tso cai rau peb txhim kho kev tsim khoom los ntawm kev hloov cov txheej txheem ib txwm ua thiab muab cov qauv tsim tshiab [1]. Cov txheej txheem hauv tsev niaj hnub nyiam siv cov khoom siv ntau dhau ntawm cov nqi, cov duab geometry, thiab kev nyab xeeb. Los ntawm kev txav kev tsim kho rau cov chaw tsim khoom, siv modular prefabrication thiab robotics los siv cov qauv tsim tshiab, cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem siv tau zoo yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev nyab xeeb. Kev tsim digital tso cai rau peb nthuav peb txoj kev xav tsim kom muaj ntau haiv neeg, muaj txiaj ntsig thiab muaj lub siab xav geometric duab. Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem tsim thiab kev suav cov txheej txheem tau ua ntau dhau los, kev tsim khoom thiab kev sib sau ua ke tseem ua tiav los ntawm tes hauv txoj kev ib txwm muaj. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem dawb-dawb ntau ntxiv, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom digital tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Kev ntshaw rau kev ywj pheej thiab kev tsim qauv yooj yim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau facades, tab tom loj hlob tsis tu ncua. Ntxiv rau qhov pom kev pom, cov facades dawb kuj tso cai rau koj los tsim cov qauv zoo dua, piv txwv li, los ntawm kev siv cov teebmeem membrane [2]. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub peev xwm loj ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom digital nyob hauv lawv cov kev ua tau zoo thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tsim kho kom zoo.
Tsab ntawv xov xwm no tshawb txog yuav ua li cas cov thev naus laus zis digital tuaj yeem siv los tsim thiab tsim cov vaj huam sib luag façade tshiab uas muaj cov khoom siv polymer ntxiv thiab sib txuas cov iav sab nrauv. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov tshiab architectural possibilities txuam nrog kev siv cov iav nyias, ib puag ncig thiab kev lag luam cov txheej txheem kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev siv cov khoom siv tsawg los tsim lub tsev lub hnab ntawv. Nrog rau kev hloov pauv huab cua, cov peev txheej tsis txaus thiab nce nqi zog yav tom ntej, iav yuav tsum tau siv ntse dua. Kev siv cov iav nyias nyias tsawg dua 2 hli tuab los ntawm kev lag luam hluav taws xob ua rau lub teeb façade thiab txo kev siv cov khoom siv raw.
Vim yog qhov yooj yim ntawm cov iav nyias, nws qhib qhov muaj peev xwm tshiab rau kev siv vaj tse thiab tib lub sijhawm ua rau muaj kev sib tw tshiab engineering [3,4,5,6]. Thaum tam sim no qhov kev siv ntawm façade tej yaam num siv iav nyias yog txwv, nyias iav yog nce siv nyob rau hauv civil engineering thiab architectural kev tshawb fawb. Vim lub siab muaj peev xwm ntawm nyias iav rau elastic deformation, nws siv nyob rau hauv facades yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov qauv kev daws teeb meem [7]. Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv cov nyhuv ntawm daim nyias nyias vim qhov nkhaus geometry [8], lub sijhawm ntawm inertia tuaj yeem nce ntxiv los ntawm cov txheej txheem multilayer uas muaj cov tub ntxhais polymer thiab cov nplaum nplaum nyias nyias daim ntawv. Txoj hauv kev no tau pom cov lus cog tseg vim yog siv cov pob tshab pob tshab polycarbonate, uas yog qhov ntom ntom dua iav. Ntxiv rau qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo, cov qauv kev nyab xeeb ntxiv tau ua tiav [9].
Txoj hauv kev hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv qab no yog ua raws li tib lub tswv yim, tab sis siv cov khoom siv ntxiv rau qhov qhib-pore translucent core. Qhov no lav qhov siab dua ntawm geometric kev ywj pheej thiab tsim muaj peev xwm, nrog rau kev koom ua ke ntawm lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev [10]. Cov vaj huam sib luag zoo li no tau ua pov thawj tshwj xeeb hauv kev sim tshuab tshuab [11] thiab cog lus tias yuav txo cov iav siv ntau txog 80%. Qhov no yuav tsis tsuas yog txo cov peev txheej uas yuav tsum tau ua, tab sis kuj txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov panels, yog li ua kom cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv. Tab sis cov ntaub ntawv tshiab ntawm kev tsim kho yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv tshiab ntawm kev tsim khoom. Cov qauv siv tau zoo yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem tsim khoom zoo. Kev tsim digital pab txhawb rau kev tsim khoom digital. Kab lus no txuas ntxiv tus sau cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los los ntawm kev nthuav qhia kev kawm txog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom digital ntawm nyias iav sib xyaw panels rau kev lag luam robots. Lub hom phiaj yog nyob rau digitizing cov ntaub ntawv-rau-lub Hoobkas ua haujlwm ntawm thawj cov qauv loj loj los ua kom cov automation ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.
Lub vaj huam sib luag sib xyaw (Daim duab 1) muaj ob lub iav nyias nyias qhwv ib ncig ntawm AM polymer core. Ob ntu txuas nrog cov kua nplaum. Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev tsim no yog txhawm rau faib cov khoom thauj mus rau tag nrho cov seem kom zoo li sai tau. Khoov lub sij hawm tsim kom muaj kev ntxhov siab nyob hauv lub plhaub. Lateral quab yuam ua rau shear stresses nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus thiab nplaum pob qij txha.
Lub txheej txheej ntawm cov khoom siv sandwich yog ua los ntawm cov iav nyias. Hauv txoj cai, dej qab zib-lime silicate iav yuav siv. Nrog lub hom phiaj thickness <2 hli, cov txheej txheem thermal tempering ncav cuag qhov kev txwv tam sim no. Tshuaj muaj zog aluminosilicate iav tej zaum yuav raug txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb yog tias yuav tsum muaj zog ntau dua vim yog tsim (xws li cov folded txias) lossis siv [12]. Lub teeb kis tau tus mob thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig yuav ua tiav los ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo xws li kev khawb zoo thiab qhov siab ntawm Young's modulus piv rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv cov khoom sib xyaw. Vim muaj qhov txwv me me uas muaj rau cov tshuaj pleev xim rau cov iav nyias nyias, panels ntawm tag nrho tempered 3 mm tuab soda-lime iav tau siv los tsim thawj qhov loj-scale qauv.
Cov qauv kev txhawb nqa yog suav tias yog ib feem ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag sib xyaw. Yuav luag txhua tus cwj pwm cuam tshuam los ntawm nws. Ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntxiv, nws tseem yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom digital. Thermoplastics yog ua tiav los ntawm kev sib xyaw. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv ntau cov polymers sib txawv rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. Lub topology ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tuaj yeem tsim nrog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv nyob ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm. Rau lub hom phiaj no, cov qauv tsim tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub pawg tsim qauv hauv qab no: kev tsim qauv tsim, tsim qauv tsim, tsim kom zoo nkauj, thiab tsim khoom tsim. Txhua pawg tuaj yeem muaj lub hom phiaj sib txawv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau sib txawv topologies.
Thaum kawm ua ntej, qee qhov kev tsim qauv tseem ceeb tau sim rau qhov tsim nyog ntawm lawv cov qauv [11]. Los ntawm ib qho kev xav ntawm kev xav, peb lub sij hawm tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm lub gyroscope yog qhov zoo. Qhov no muab cov neeg kho tshuab siab ua haujlwm rau khoov ntawm cov khoom siv tsawg. Ntxiv nrog rau cov qauv ntawm cov cellular yooj yim tsim dua tshiab nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam saum npoo, lub topology tseem tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm lwm cov qauv kev nrhiav pom. Cov kab kev ntxhov siab yog ib txoj hauv kev los txhim kho qhov tawv nqaij ntawm qhov hnyav tshaj qhov hnyav [13]. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv honeycomb, dav siv hauv cov khoom siv sandwich, tau siv los ua qhov chaw pib rau kev tsim cov kab ntau lawm. Daim ntawv yooj yim no ua rau kev nce qib sai hauv kev tsim khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm kev yooj yim toolpath programming. Nws tus cwj pwm hauv cov vaj huam sib luag sib xyaw tau raug kawm ntau [14, 15, 16] thiab cov tsos tuaj yeem hloov tau ntau txoj hauv kev los ntawm parameterization thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv rau thawj qhov kev xav tau zoo.
Muaj ntau cov thermoplastic polymers los xav txog thaum xaiv ib lub polymer, nyob ntawm seb cov txheej txheem extrusion siv. Cov kev tshawb fawb thawj zaug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv me me tau txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov polymers suav tias tsim nyog siv rau hauv facades [11]. Polycarbonate (PC) tau cog lus vim nws qhov kub tsis kam, UV tsis kam thiab siab rigidity. Vim muaj kev nqis peev ntxiv thiab kev nqis peev uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm polycarbonate, ethylene glycol hloov polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) tau siv los tsim thawj cov qauv. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias uas tsis tshua muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm thermal stress thiab tivthaiv deformation. Tus qauv qhia ntawm no yog tsim los ntawm kev siv PETG hu ua PIPG. Cov khoom tau qhuav ua ntej ntawm 60 ° C rau tsawg kawg 4 h thiab ua tiav rau hauv granules nrog iav fiber ntau ntawm 20% [17].
Cov nplaum muab ib qho kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov tub ntxhais polymer thiab lub hau iav nyias. Thaum cov vaj huam sib luag sib txuas tau raug khoov loads, cov pob qij txha nplaum raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ntxhov siab. Yog li ntawd, cov nplaum nplaum yog nyiam dua thiab tuaj yeem txo deflection. Clear adhesives kuj pab muab qhov pom kev zoo thaum sib txuas rau cov iav ntshiab. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thaum xaiv cov nplaum yog kev tsim khoom thiab kev koom ua ke rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Ntawm no UV curing adhesives nrog hloov kho lub sijhawm tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim rau qhov chaw ntawm cov txheej npog. Raws li kev sim ua ntej, cov nplaum nplaum tau sim rau lawv qhov tsim nyog rau cov iav sib xyaw ua ke [18]. Loctite® AA 3345™ UV curable acrylate [19] ua pov thawj tshwj xeeb rau cov txheej txheem hauv qab no.
Txhawm rau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tsim khoom ntxiv thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov iav nyias, tag nrho cov txheej txheem tau tsim los ua haujlwm digitally thiab parametrically. Grasshopper yog siv los ua qhov pom kev pom kev cuam tshuam, zam kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kev pabcuam sib txawv. Tag nrho cov kev qhuab qhia (kev tsim kho, engineering thiab kev tsim khoom) yuav txhawb nqa thiab ua tiav ib leeg hauv ib cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov lus qhia ncaj qha los ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj. Nyob rau theem ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, kev ua haujlwm tseem tab tom txhim kho thiab ua raws li cov qauv hauv daim duab 2. Cov hom phiaj sib txawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua pawg hauv kev qhuab qhia.
Txawm hais tias kev tsim cov sandwich panels nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no tau automated nrog cov neeg siv-centric tsim thiab fabrication npaj, kev koom ua ke thiab validation ntawm ib tug neeg engineering cov cuab yeej tseem tsis tau tiav. Raws li kev tsim qauv parametric ntawm facade geometry, nws tuaj yeem tsim lub plhaub sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev ntawm qib macro (facade) thiab meso (facade panels). Hauv cov kauj ruam thib ob, qhov kev tawm tswv yim engineering xav tau los ntsuas qhov kev nyab xeeb thiab tsim nyog raws li kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov ntaub thaiv phab ntsa fabrication. Thaum kawg, cov txiaj ntsig panels tau npaj rau kev tsim tawm digital. Qhov kev zov me nyuam ua cov txheej txheem tsim qauv hauv tshuab-nyeem tau G-code thiab npaj nws rau kev tsim khoom ntxiv, tshem tawm tom qab ua tiav thiab kev sib txuas iav.
Tus txheej txheem tsim yog txiav txim siab ntawm ob theem sib txawv. Ntxiv rau qhov tseeb tias cov duab macro ntawm lub facades cuam tshuam rau geometry ntawm txhua lub vaj huam sib luag sib xyaw, lub topology ntawm cov tub ntxhais nws tus kheej kuj tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm qib meso. Thaum siv cov qauv parametric façade, cov duab thiab cov duab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov piv txwv façade seem siv cov sliders qhia hauv daim duab 3. Yog li, tag nrho cov saum npoo muaj cov neeg siv-txhais scalable nto uas tuaj yeem deformed siv point attractors thiab hloov los ntawm qhia qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm deformation. Qhov no muab cov qib siab ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv kev tsim cov hnab ntawv hauv tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev ywj pheej no yog txwv los ntawm kev txwv kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim khoom, uas yog tom qab ntawd ua si los ntawm cov algorithms hauv engineering.
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov siab thiab qhov dav ntawm tag nrho façade, kev faib ntawm façade panels yog txiav txim siab. Raws li rau ib tus neeg façade panels, lawv tuaj yeem txhais tau meej dua ntawm qib meso. Qhov no cuam tshuam rau topology ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm nws tus kheej, nrog rau lub thickness ntawm iav. Ob qhov kev hloov pauv no, nrog rau qhov loj ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag, muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog kev tsim qauv tshuab engineering. Kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho cov qib macro thiab meso tuaj yeem ua tau raws li kev ua kom zoo ntawm plaub pawg ntawm cov qauv, kev ua haujlwm, kev zoo nkauj thiab cov khoom tsim. Cov neeg siv tuaj yeem txhim kho tag nrho cov saib thiab kev xav ntawm lub tsev ntawv lub hnab ntawv los ntawm kev saib xyuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov cheeb tsam no.
Qhov project yog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm engineering feem siv lub voj kev tawm tswv yim. Txog rau qhov kawg no, cov hom phiaj thiab cov xwm txheej ciam teb tau raug txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv qeb optimization qhia hauv daim duab 2. Lawv muab txoj hauv kev uas ua tau zoo, lub cev muaj zog, thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb los tsim los ntawm kev tsim engineering, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev tsim. Qhov no yog qhov pib ntawm ntau yam cuab yeej uas tuaj yeem ua ke ncaj qha rau Grasshopper. Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav ntxiv, cov khoom siv kho tshuab tuaj yeem ntsuas tau siv Finite Element Analysis (FEM) lossis txawm tias kev ntsuas ntsuas.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb txog hnub ci hluav taws xob, kev tsom xam kab ntawm qhov pom, thiab lub hnub ci lub sijhawm ua qauv tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag sib xyaw ntawm lub tsev physics. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob overly txwv qhov ceev, efficiency thiab yooj ntawm tus txheej txheem tsim. Yog li ntawd, cov txiaj ntsig tau txais ntawm no tau tsim los muab kev taw qhia ntxiv thiab kev txhawb nqa rau tus txheej txheem tsim thiab tsis yog qhov hloov pauv rau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws thiab kev ncaj ncees thaum kawg ntawm tus txheej txheem tsim. Txoj kev npaj tswv yim no tso lub hauv paus rau kev tshawb fawb categorical ntxiv rau cov txiaj ntsig pov thawj. Piv txwv li, me ntsis tseem tsis tau paub txog cov neeg kho tshuab tus cwj pwm ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev thauj khoom thiab kev txhawb nqa.
Thaum tus tsim thiab engineering tiav, tus qauv yog npaj rau kev tsim tawm digital. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tau muab faib ua plaub ntu (Daim duab 4). Ua ntej, cov qauv tseem ceeb tau ntxiv dag zog siv lub tshuab luam ntawv loj 3D tshuab luam ntawv. Qhov saum npoo yog tom qab ntawd milled siv tib lub tshuab neeg hlau los txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm qhov xav tau rau kev sib txuas zoo. Tom qab milling, cov nplaum yog siv raws li cov qauv tseem ceeb uas siv cov txheej txheem tsim tshwj xeeb uas tau tsim los ntawm tib lub tshuab neeg hlau siv rau kev luam ntawv thiab milling. Thaum kawg, lub iav tau teeb tsa thiab tso ua ntej UV kho ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke.
Rau kev tsim khoom ntxiv, lub ntsiab lus topology ntawm cov qauv hauv qab yuav tsum tau muab txhais ua CNC tshuab lus (GCode). Rau cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo, lub hom phiaj yog luam tawm txhua txheej yam tsis muaj lub tshuab extruder ntog. Qhov no tiv thaiv tsis xav tau overpressure thaum pib thiab xaus ntawm lub zog. Yog li ntawd, ib daim ntawv txuas ntxiv mus tsim cov ntawv sau rau cov qauv ntawm tes siv. Qhov no yuav tsim ib qho parametric nruam polyline nrog tib lub ntsiab lus pib thiab xaus, uas hloov mus rau qhov kev xaiv vaj huam sib luag loj, tus naj npawb thiab qhov loj ntawm honeycombs raws li kev tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev txwv xws li kab dav thiab kab qhov siab tuaj yeem teev ua ntej tso kab kom ua tiav qhov siab xav tau ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej hauv tsab ntawv yog sau G-code cov lus txib.
Qhov no yog ua los ntawm kev sau cov kev tswj hwm ntawm txhua qhov taw tes ntawm kab nrog cov ntaub ntawv siv tshuab ntxiv xws li lwm yam axes rau qhov chaw thiab extrusion ntim tswj. Cov txiaj ntsig G-code tuaj yeem xa mus rau cov tshuab tsim khoom. Hauv qhov piv txwv no, Comau NJ165 muaj neeg hlau caj npab ntawm txoj kab tsheb ciav hlau yog siv los tswj CEAD E25 extruder raws li G-code (Daim duab 5). Thawj tus qauv siv tom qab kev lag luam PETG nrog cov iav fiber ntau ntawm 20%. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev sim tshuab, lub hom phiaj loj yog ze rau qhov loj ntawm kev tsim kho kev lag luam, yog li qhov ntev ntawm lub ntsiab yog 1983 × 876 hli nrog 6 × 4 honeycomb hlwb. 6mm thiab 2mm siab.
Cov kev sim ua ntej tau pom tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nplaum nplaum ntawm cov nplaum thiab 3D luam ntawv resin nyob ntawm nws cov khoom nto. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, cov khoom siv tshuaj ntxiv cov khoom siv yog cov nplaum los yog laminated rau iav thiab raug nro los yog shear. Thaum lub sij hawm ua ntej txhua yam ntawm lub polymer nto los ntawm milling, lub zog tau nce ntau heev (Fig. 6). Tsis tas li ntawd, nws txhim kho qhov flatness ntawm cov tub ntxhais thiab tiv thaiv qhov tsis xws luag los ntawm over-extrusion. UV curable LOCTITE® AA 3345™ [19] acrylate siv ntawm no yog rhiab heev rau kev ua haujlwm.
Qhov no feem ntau ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntau dua rau cov qauv ntsuas kev sib tw. Tom qab kev tsim khoom ntxiv, cov qauv tseem ceeb tau milled ntawm lub tshuab milling profile. G-code xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm no tau txais los ntawm toolpaths twb tau tsim rau 3D luam ntawv txheej txheem. Cov qauv tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau luam tawm me ntsis siab dua li qhov siab ntawm qhov siab. Hauv qhov piv txwv no, 18 mm tuab core qauv tau raug txo mus rau 14 mm.
Qhov no ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yog ib qho kev sib tw loj rau tag nrho automation. Kev siv cov nplaum muab qhov xav tau siab ntawm qhov raug thiab precision ntawm cov tshuab. Lub pneumatic dosing system yog siv los siv cov nplaum raws li cov qauv tseem ceeb. Nws yog coj los ntawm tus neeg hlau raws li qhov chaw milling raws li txoj hauv kev tau hais tseg. Nws hloov tawm hais tias hloov cov tsoos dispensing ntsis nrog ib tug txhuam yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo. Qhov no tso cai rau tsawg viscosity nplaum rau dispensed uniformly los ntawm ntim. Cov nyiaj no yog txiav txim siab los ntawm lub siab nyob rau hauv lub kaw lus thiab qhov ceev ntawm cov neeg hlau. Rau kev ua kom zoo dua qub thiab kev sib koom ua ke zoo, kev mus los tsawg ntawm 200 txog 800 mm / min yog nyiam.
Acrylate nrog qhov nruab nrab viscosity ntawm 1500 mPa * s tau siv rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov tub ntxhais polymer 6 hli dav siv txhuam txhuam nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 0.84 hli thiab txhuam dav ntawm 5 ntawm qhov siab ntawm 0.3 txog 0.6 mbar. mm. Tom qab ntawd cov nplaum nplaum yog kis mus rau saum npoo ntawm cov substrate thiab tsim ib txheej 1 hli tuab vim yog qhov nro. Qhov kev txiav txim siab tseeb ntawm cov nplaum tuab tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau. Lub sijhawm ntawm cov txheej txheem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv cov nplaum nplaum. Cov qauv tsim ntawm no muaj qhov ntev ntawm 26 m thiab yog li lub sijhawm thov ntawm 30 mus rau 60 feeb.
Tom qab siv cov nplaum, nruab ob lub qhov rais glazed nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Vim lub thickness ntawm cov khoom uas tsis tshua muaj, nyias iav yog twb muaj zog deformed los ntawm nws tus kheej qhov hnyav thiab yuav tsum tau positioned raws li tusyees li sai tau. Rau qhov no, pneumatic iav suction khob nrog lub sij hawm-dispersed suction khob yog siv. Nws tau muab tso rau ntawm cov khoom siv crane, thiab yav tom ntej yuav muab tso ncaj qha siv cov neeg hlau. Cov iav phaj tau muab tso rau hauv qhov sib npaug rau qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov nplaum txheej. Vim yog qhov hnyav dua, ib qho ntxiv iav phaj (4 mus rau 6 mm tuab) ua rau lub siab rau nws.
Qhov tshwm sim yuav tsum tau ua tiav ntub dej ntawm lub iav nto raws li cov qauv tseem ceeb, raws li tuaj yeem txiav txim los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas thawj zaug ntawm cov xim sib txawv. Daim ntawv thov txheej txheem kuj tuaj yeem muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau qhov zoo ntawm qhov kawg sib koom ua ke. Thaum sib koom ua ke, cov iav vaj huam sib luag yuav tsum tsis txhob txav mus los vim qhov no yuav ua rau pom cov nplaum seem ntawm cov iav thiab qhov tsis xws luag hauv cov nplaum tiag tiag. Thaum kawg, cov nplaum yog kho nrog UV hluav taws xob ntawm lub wavelength ntawm 365 nm. Ua li no, UV teeb nrog lub zog ceev ntawm 6 mW / cm2 yog maj mam dhau mus rau tag nrho cov nplaum nplaum rau 60 s.
Lub tswv yim ntawm lub teeb yuag thiab customizable nyias iav composite panels nrog additively fabricated polymer core tham ntawm no yog npaj rau siv nyob rau hauv yav tom ntej façades. Yog li, cov vaj huam sib luag sib xyaw yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv siv tau thiab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau lub xeev txwv kev pabcuam (SLS), lub zog kawg txwv lub xeev (ULS) thiab cov kev cai nyab xeeb. Yog li ntawd, cov vaj huam sib luag sib xyaw yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb, muaj zog, thiab tawv txaus kom tiv taus cov khoom thauj (xws li cov khoom ntog) yam tsis muaj kev tawg lossis deformation ntau dhau. Txhawm rau tshawb xyuas cov lus teb ntawm cov khoom siv yav dhau los ntawm cov iav iav sib xyaw ua ke (raws li tau piav qhia hauv seem Kev Ntsuas Mechanical), lawv tau raug kuaj cua tshuab raws li tau piav qhia hauv ntu ntu tom ntej.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kuaj lub cev yog los kawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nraud hauv qab cua loads. Txog rau qhov kawg no, cov vaj huam sib luag uas muaj 3 hli tuab daim iav tempered sab nrauv thiab 14 hli tuab ntxiv cov tub ntxhais (los ntawm PIPG-GF20) tau tsim raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no siv Henkel Loctite AA 3345 nplaum (Daim duab 7 sab laug). )). . Cov vaj huam sib luag sib xyaw yog tom qab ntawd txuas nrog cov ntoo txhawb nqa nrog cov hlau ntsia hlau uas tau tsav los ntawm cov ncej ntoo thiab mus rau sab ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb. 30 screws tau muab tso rau ib ncig ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag (saib cov kab dub nyob rau sab laug hauv daim duab 7) kom rov tsim cov kab hluav taws xob txhawb nqa nyob ib puag ncig kom ze li sai tau.
Tom qab ntawd qhov kev sim ntsuas tau muab khi rau sab nrauv phab ntsa los ntawm kev siv cua siab lossis cua nqus tom qab lub vaj huam sib luag sib xyaw (Daim duab 7, sab xis). Lub kaw lus digital correlation (DIC) yog siv los sau cov ntaub ntawv. Ua li no, lub iav sab nrauv ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag yog them nrog ib daim ntawv nyias nyias sau rau ntawm nws nrog lub suab nrov pearline (Daim duab 7, hauv qab txoj cai). DIC siv ob lub koob yees duab los sau qhov txheeb ze ntawm txhua qhov ntsuas ntawm tag nrho cov iav nto. Ob daim duab ib ob raug kaw thiab siv rau kev ntsuam xyuas. Lub siab nyob rau hauv lub chamber, surrounded los ntawm composite panels, yog nce los ntawm ib tug kiv cua nyob rau hauv 1000 Pa increments mus txog rau ib tug siab tshaj plaws tus nqi ntawm 4000 Pa, kom txhua theem load yog khaws cia rau 10 vib nas this.
Kev teeb tsa lub cev ntawm qhov kev sim no kuj yog sawv cev los ntawm tus lej qauv nrog tib qhov ntev geometric. Rau qhov no, tus lej program Ansys Mechanical yog siv. Cov qauv tseem ceeb yog geometric mesh siv SOLID 185 hexagonal ntsiab nrog 20 hli sab rau iav thiab SOLID 187 tetrahedral ntsiab nrog 3 hli sab. Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua qauv, nyob rau theem ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, nws yog qhov xav tau ntawm no tias cov acrylate siv yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nruj thiab nyias, thiab txhais tau tias yog kev sib txuas ntawm cov iav thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb.
Cov vaj huam sib luag sib xyaw yog tsau rau hauv txoj kab ncaj nraim sab nraum lub hauv paus, thiab lub iav vaj huam sib luag yog raug rau saum npoo ntawm qhov siab ntawm 4000 Pa. Txawm hais tias geometric nonlinearities raug coj mus rau hauv tus account hauv kev ua qauv, tsuas yog cov khoom siv linear tau siv nyob rau theem no ntawm lub kawm. Txawm hais tias qhov no yog qhov kev xav zoo rau cov lus teb ntawm cov iav (E = 70,000 MPa), raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom siv (viscoelastic) polymeric core [17], linear stiffness E = 8245 MPa tau siv hauv kev soj ntsuam tam sim no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab nruj thiab yuav tau kawm hauv kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej.
Cov txiaj ntsig tau nthuav tawm ntawm no yog ntsuas feem ntau rau kev deformations ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws cua loads txog 4000 Pa (= ˆ4kN / m2). Rau qhov no, cov duab sau los ntawm DIC txoj kev tau muab piv nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov lej simulation (FEM) (Fig. 8, hauv qab sab xis). Thaum qhov zoo tagnrho tag nrho cov hom ntawm 0 hli nrog "zoo tagnrho" linear txhawb nyob rau hauv lub ntug cheeb tsam (xws li, vaj huam sib luag perimeter) yog xam nyob rau hauv lub FEM, lub cev hloov chaw ntawm ntug cheeb tsam yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum soj ntsuam DIC. Qhov no yog vim lub installation tolerances thiab deformation ntawm lub xeem ncej thiab nws cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Rau kev sib piv, qhov nruab nrab hloov chaw nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntug (dashed kab dawb nyob rau hauv daim duab 8) raug rho tawm los ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws hloov chaw nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag. Cov kev hloov pauv uas tau txiav txim los ntawm DIC thiab FEA tau muab piv rau hauv Table 1 thiab tau qhia pom nyob rau sab laug sab laug ntawm daim duab 8.
Plaub theem load ntawm cov qauv sim tau siv los tswj cov ntsiab lus rau kev ntsuas thiab ntsuas hauv FEM. Qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov phaj sib xyaw hauv lub xeev unloaded tau txiav txim siab los ntawm DIC kev ntsuas ntawm qhov load theem ntawm 4000 Pa ntawm 2.18 hli. Thaum FEA tshem tawm ntawm cov loads qis (txog 2000 Pa) tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov txiaj ntsig kev sim, qhov tsis yog-linear nce hauv strain ntawm cov loads siab dua tsis tuaj yeem xam kom raug.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov vaj huam sib luag sib xyaw tuaj yeem tiv taus cua huab cua. Lub siab rigidity ntawm lub teeb yuag panels stands tshwj xeeb. Siv cov kev ntsuas kev ntsuas raws li txoj kev xav ntawm cov kab ke ntawm Kirchhoff daim hlau [20], qhov deformation ntawm 2.18 hli ntawm 4000 Pa sib raug rau qhov deformation ntawm ib lub iav phaj 12 hli tuab nyob rau hauv tib qhov chaw ciam teb. Yog li ntawd, lub thickness ntawm iav (uas yog lub zog siv zog ntau lawm) nyob rau hauv lub vaj huam sib luag no yuav raug txo kom 2 x 3 hli iav, uas ua rau cov khoom txuag ntawm 50%. Txo qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag muab cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv ntawm kev sib dhos. Thaum lub 30 kg composite vaj huam sib luag tuaj yeem yooj yim los ntawm ob tus neeg, ib txwm siv 50 kg iav vaj huam sib luag yuav tsum muaj kev txhawb nqa kom txav mus los kom nyab xeeb. Txhawm rau kom meej meej sawv cev rau tus cwj pwm tshuab, cov qauv qhia ntxaws ntxiv yuav xav tau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej. Kev txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus kawg tuaj yeem txhim kho ntxiv nrog cov khoom siv dav dav uas tsis yog-linear rau cov khoom siv polymers thiab cov qauv tsim cov nplaum nplaum.
Kev txhim kho thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem digital ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev lag luam thiab ib puag ncig kev ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv cov iav nyias hauv façades cog lus tias lub zog thiab kev txuag nyiaj thiab qhib qhov muaj peev xwm tshiab rau architecture. Txawm li cas los xij, vim qhov me me ntawm lub khob, cov kev tsim qauv tshiab yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog ntxiv rau cov iav. Yog li, txoj kev tshawb fawb tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm no tshawb txog lub tswv yim ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag sib xyaw ua los ntawm cov iav nyias thiab sib koom ua ke txhawb nqa 3D luam tawm polymer core qauv. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim los ntawm kev tsim mus rau ntau lawm tau digitized thiab automated. Nrog kev pab los ntawm Grasshopper, cov ntaub ntawv-rau-lub tsev ua haujlwm tau tsim los pab kom siv cov iav nyias nyias hauv cov façades yav tom ntej.
Kev tsim khoom ntawm thawj tus qauv qhia pom qhov ua tau thiab cov teeb meem ntawm kev tsim cov neeg hlau. Txawm hais tias kev tsim khoom ntxiv thiab kev rho tawm tau zoo sib xyaw ua ke, tag nrho automated adhesive daim ntawv thov thiab kev sib dhos tshwj xeeb tam sim no cov kev cov nyom ntxiv uas yuav tsum tau hais hauv kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej. Los ntawm kev sim ua ntej txhua yam thiab cov qauv kev tshawb fawb txog cov qauv tsim nyog, nws tau pom tias lub teeb yuag thiab nyias fiberglass panels muab txaus khoov nruj rau lawv cov phiaj xwm façade, txawm tias nyob rau hauv huab cua huab cua. Cov kws sau ntawv cov kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua yuav tshawb fawb ntxiv txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm digitally fabricated nyias iav composite panels rau daim ntaub ntawv façade thiab qhia lawv cov kev ua tau zoo.
Cov kws sau ntawv xav ua tsaug rau txhua tus neeg txhawb nqa uas cuam tshuam nrog txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb no. Ua tsaug rau EFRE SAB qhov kev pab cuam nyiaj txiag los ntawm European Union cov nyiaj hauv daim ntawv thov nyiaj pab No. los muab cov peev txheej nyiaj txiag rau kev yuav khoom ntawm tus neeg siv khoom nrog extruder thiab cov cuab yeej milling. 100537005. Tsis tas li ntawd, AiF-ZIM tau lees paub los pab nyiaj rau Glasfur3D kev tshawb fawb qhov project (tus lej nyiaj ZF4123725WZ9) hauv kev koom tes nrog Glaswerkstätten Glas Ahne, uas tau muab kev txhawb nqa tseem ceeb rau txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb no. Thaum kawg, Friedrich Siemens Laboratory thiab nws cov neeg koom tes, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Felix Hegewald thiab tus pab tub ntxhais kawm Jonathan Holzerr, lees paub txog kev txhawb nqa thiab kev siv ntawm kev tsim thiab kev sim lub cev uas tsim lub hauv paus rau daim ntawv no.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-04-2023