Anish Kapoor lub zeem muag ntawm Cloud Gate duab puab hauv Chicago's Millennium Park zoo li kua mercury, organically xav txog lub nroog ib puag ncig. Ua kom tiav qhov kev ua tiav no yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev hlub.
"Dab tsi kuv xav ua nrog Millennium Park yog ua ib yam dab tsi uas ua raws li Chicago skyline ... yog li cov neeg tuaj yeem pom huab cua ntws thiab cov tsev siab siab no tau cuam tshuam txog kev ua haujlwm. Thiab ces, vim nws nyob ntawm lub rooj vag. Daim ntawv, tus neeg koom nrog, cov neeg saib yuav tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv chav sib sib zog nqus no, uas qee txoj hauv kev ua rau kev xav ntawm tus neeg li cas cov tsos ntawm kev ua haujlwm ua rau kev xav ntawm lub nroog ib puag ncig. Anish Kapoor, Huab Gate sculptor
Tsuas yog los ntawm qhov chaw zoo nkauj ntawm cov duab puab loj loj stainless hlau, nws yuav nyuaj rau twv seb cov hlau thiab lub siab loj npaum li cas nyob hauv qab ntawm qhov chaw. Huab Gate muaj cov dab neeg ntawm ntau tshaj 100 hlau fabricators, cutters, welders, finishers, engineers, technicians, fitters, installers thiab managers - tshaj tsib xyoos nyob rau hauv lub tsim.
Ntau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev, ua haujlwm hauv kev cob qhia thaum nruab nrab hmo ntuj, mus pw hav zoov ntawm cov chaw tsim kho thiab ua haujlwm hauv 110-degree tshav kub hnav tag nrho Tyvek® hazmat suits thiab ib nrab lub npog ntsej muag ua pa. Qee qhov ua haujlwm hauv txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, nrog cov cuab yeej raug tshem tawm ntawm cov hlua khi, thiab ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kab nqes. Txhua yam mus me ntsis (thiab deb dhau) kom ua rau qhov ua tsis tau.
Qhov hnyav 110 tons, 66 ko taw ntev thiab 33 ko taw siab, cov duab puab hlau tsis muaj steel, uas embodies sculptor Anish Kapoor lub tswv yim ethereal ntawm soaring huab, yog kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Performance Structures Inc., lub tuam txhab tsim khoom. (PSI), Oakland, California, thiab MTH. Lub Hom Phiaj, Villa Park, Illinois Ntawm nws lub 120th hnub tseem ceeb, MTH yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom qub tshaj plaws thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm iav hauv Chicago cheeb tsam.
Kev paub txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm qhov project yuav xav tau kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj, kev txawj ntse, kev paub txog kev siv tshuab thiab kev paub txog kev tsim khoom ntawm ob lub tuam txhab. Lawv tau txiav txim thiab txawm tsim cov khoom siv rau qhov project.
Qee qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov project tau cuam tshuam rau nws qhov txawv txav ntawm qhov nkhaus - ib txoj hlab ntaws lossis ib txoj hlab ntaws - thiab qee qhov rau nws qhov loj. Cov duab puab, tsim los ntawm ob lub tuam txhab sib txawv hauv qhov chaw sib txawv ntau txhiab mais sib nrug, tsim teeb meem kev tsheb thiab cov style. Ntau cov txheej txheem uas yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob yog ib qho nyuaj rau ua nyob rau hauv lub khw hauv pem teb, cia nyob ib leeg nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob. Ntau qhov teeb meem tshwm sim tsuas yog vim cov qauv zoo li no yeej tsis tau tsim ua ntej, yog li tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, tsis muaj duab kos, tsis muaj kev qhia.
Ethan Silva ntawm PSI muaj kev paub dhau los hauv kev ua haujlwm, ua ntej rau nkoj thiab tom qab ntawd rau lwm cov haujlwm kos duab, thiab tshwj xeeb tsim nyog rau txoj haujlwm ntawm framing. Anish Kapoor nug tus kawm tiav Physics thiab Art los muab tus qauv me me.
"Yog li kuv ua ib daim 2m x 3m, ib qho zoo nkauj nkhaus, polished, thiab nws hais tias, 'Au, koj ua nws, koj tsuas yog tus ua nws,' vim nws tab tom nrhiav ob xyoos. Los, hais kom ib tug ua nws, "Silva hais.
Thawj txoj kev npaj yog rau PSI los tsim thiab tsim cov duab puab nyob rau hauv tag nrho thiab tom qab ntawd xa nws tag nrho mus rau South Pacific Dej hiav txwv, hla Panama Canal, sab qaum teb mus rau hauv dej hiav txwv Atlantic thiab ntawm St. Lawrence Seaway mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Lake. Michigan, raws li tus thawj coj thawj coj. Edward's Millennium Park Corporation, ib lub tshuab xa khoom tshwj xeeb yuav coj nws mus rau Millennium Park, Ulliel tau hais. Lub sijhawm txwv thiab kev ua haujlwm tau yuam kev hloov pauv rau cov phiaj xwm no. Yog li cov nkhaus panels yuav tsum tau npaj rau kev thauj mus los thiab tom qab ntawd thauj mus rau Chicago, qhov chaw MTH tau sib sau ua ke cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem loj thiab txuas cov vaj huam sib luag rau lub superstructure.
Kev ua tiav thiab polishing Cloud Gate welds los muab lawv cov seamless saib yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm kev teeb tsa thiab kev sib dhos ntawm qhov chaw. Cov txheej txheem 12-kauj ruam yog ua tiav los ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm lub ntsej muag ci ntsa iab, zoo ib yam li cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub polish.
Silva tau hais tias "Qhov tseeb, peb tau ua haujlwm ntawm qhov haujlwm no, ua cov khoom no rau peb xyoos," Silva hais. “Qhov no yog ib txoj haujlwm loj. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau los xyuas seb yuav ua li cas thiab ua kom tiav cov ntsiab lus; koj paub, zoo tag nrho. Peb txoj hauv kev, uas siv computer technology thiab zoo qub hlau ua haujlwm, yog kev sib txuas ntawm forging thiab aerospace technology. "
Raws li nws, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tsim tej yam loj thiab hnyav nrog high precision. Qhov loj tshaj plaws slabs nruab nrab 7 ko taw dav thiab 11 ko taw ntev thiab hnyav 1,500 phaus.
Silva hais tias "Ua tag nrho cov haujlwm CAD thiab tsim cov duab kos hauv khw rau cov khoom no yog ib txoj haujlwm loj hauv nws tus kheej," Silva hais. "Peb siv tshuab computer los ntsuas cov phiaj thiab ntsuas lawv cov duab thiab qhov nkhaus kom lawv haum ua ke kom raug.
Silva tau hais tias "Peb tau ua lub khoos phis tawj simulation thiab tom qab ntawd muab nws sib cais," Silva hais. "Kuv tau siv kuv qhov kev paub dhau los hauv lub plhaub tsev thiab nrhiav seb yuav faib cov pwm li cas kom cov kab seam ua haujlwm kom peb thiaj li tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws."
Qee lub phaj yog square thiab qee qhov yog lub ncuav qab zib. Qhov ze lawv mus rau qhov kev hloov pauv, qhov ntau lawv zoo li lub ncuav qab zib thiab qhov loj ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm txoj kev hloov radial. Nyob rau sab saum toj lawv yog flatter thiab loj dua.
Plasma txiav 1/4 txog 3/8 nti tuab 316L stainless hlau yog tawv txaus ntawm nws tus kheej, Silva hais. “Qhov kev sib tw tiag tiag yog muab cov phiaj xwm loj rau qhov curvature ncaj ncees. Qhov no tau ua tiav los ntawm qhov tseeb heev shaping thiab tsim cov kab ke ntawm txhua lub phaj. Qhov no tso cai rau peb los txiav txim qhov zoo ntawm txhua lub phaj. "
Cov nplooj ntawv yog dov rau ntawm 3D yob tsim thiab tsim los ntawm PSI tshwj xeeb rau dov cov nplooj ntawv no (saib daim duab 1). “Nws yog ib tug kwv tij txheeb ze ntawm lub English ice rink. Peb yob lawv siv cov txheej txheem zoo ib yam li ua tis, "Silva hais. Khoov txhua daim ntawv los ntawm kev txav nws rov qab mus rau ntawm cov chais, kho lub siab ntawm cov chais kom txog thaum daim ntawv nyob hauv 0.01 "ntawm qhov xav tau. Raws li nws, qhov yuav tsum tau muaj siab precision ua rau nws nyuaj rau tsim daim hlau smoothly.
Cov welders tom qab ntawd txuas lub phaj khoov mus rau hauv cov qauv ntawm lub ribbed system siv flux cores. "Nyob rau hauv kuv lub tswv yim, flux absorption yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo heev los tsim cov qauv welds hauv stainless hlau," Silva piav qhia. "Nws xa cov welds zoo, yog qhov tsim tau zoo heev thiab zoo li zoo."
Tag nrho saum npoo ntawm cov laug cam yog sanded los ntawm tes thiab machined txiav lawv mus rau qhov yuav tsum tau txhiab txhiab ntawm ib nti precision kom lawv haum ua ke zoo kawg nkaus (saib daim duab 2). Txheeb xyuas qhov ntev nrog qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb thiab cov khoom siv laser scanning. Thaum kawg, lub rooj tsavxwm yog polished rau daim iav tiav thiab npog nrog ib zaj duab xis tiv thaiv.
Kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag, ua ke nrog lub hauv paus thiab cov qauv sab hauv, tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev sim ua ntej cov panels raug xa los ntawm Auckland (saib cov duab 3 thiab 4). Cov txheej txheem dai rau cov phiaj tau npaj thiab cov welds tau ua rau ntawm qee qhov me me los tuav lawv ua ke. "Yog li thaum peb muab tso ua ke hauv Chicago, peb paub tias nws yuav haum," Silva hais.
Qhov kub thiab txias, lub sijhawm thiab kev vibration ntawm lub trolley tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom dov tau xoob. Lub ribbed mesh yog tsim los tsis tsuas yog ua kom lub rigidity ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, tab sis kuj yuav ua kom cov duab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm thaum thauj.
Yog li ntawd, cov phiajcim tau raug kho kom sov thiab txias kom txo tau cov khoom siv zog los ntawm kev txhawb nqa lub mesh los ntawm sab hauv. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom, cov hlua khi tau tsim rau txhua lub rooj tsavxwm thiab thauj mus rau hauv cov thawv li plaub zaug ib zaug.
Cov thawv ntim tau raug thauj mus rau cov tsheb thauj mus los, kwv yees li plaub ntawm ib zaug, thiab xa mus rau Chicago nrog PSI cov neeg ua haujlwm rau kev teeb tsa nrog MTH cov neeg ua haujlwm. Ib tug yog ib tug logistician uas tswj kev thauj mus los, thiab lwm yam yog lub taub hau ntawm lub site. Nws ua haujlwm txhua hnub nrog MTH cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab pab tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab raws li xav tau. "Tau kawg, nws yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev," Silva hais.
MTH Thawj Tswj Hwm Lyle Hill hais tias MTH Industries yog thawj zaug ua haujlwm nrog rau cov duab puab ethereal rau hauv av thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem superstructure, tom qab ntawd vuam daim hlau rau nws thiab ua qhov kawg sanding thiab polishing, nrog PSI muab kev taw qhia. Ua kom tiav cov duab puab txhais tau tias kos duab. Sib npaug nrog kev xyaum, kev xav nrog kev xyaum, xav tau sijhawm thiab lub sijhawm npaj.
Lou Czerny, tus lwm thawj ntawm engineering thiab tus thawj tswj haujlwm ntawm MTH, tau hais tias nws txaus siab los ntawm qhov project qhov tshwj xeeb. "Rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm peb txoj kev paub, ntau yam tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov haujlwm tshwj xeeb no uas tsis tau ua tiav lossis txiav txim siab ua ntej," Czerny hais.
Tab sis kev txhim kho thawj yam yuav tsum muaj kev txawj ntse ntawm qhov chaw los teb rau cov teeb meem uas tsis tau pom dua thiab teb cov lus nug uas tshwm sim hauv txoj kev:
Yuav ua li cas koj nruab 128 lub tsheb loj stainless hlau vaj huam sib luag ntawm ib qho chaw ruaj khov nrog kev saib xyuas? Yuav ua li cas solder loj flexbeans tsis vam khom rau nws? Yuav ua li cas mus rau hauv ib tug weld yam tsis tau weld los ntawm sab hauv? Yuav ua li cas ua kom tiav daim iav zoo meej tiav ntawm stainless hlau welds nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob? Yuav ua li cas yog xob laim ntaus nws?
Czerny tau hais tias thawj qhov qhia tau tias qhov no yuav yog qhov nyuaj tshwj xeeb yog thaum kev tsim kho thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm 30,000-phaus platform pib. Steel qauv txhawb cov duab puab.
Txawm hais tias kev tsim cov hlau zinc siab uas tau muab los ntawm PSI los sib sau ua ke ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov txheej txheem yog qhov yooj yim, lub substructure nyob ib nrab ntawm lub tsev noj mov thiab ib nrab ntawm lub tsheb nres, txhua qhov ntawm qhov sib txawv.
"Yog li lub hauv paus yog hom cantilevered, wobbly ntawm ib kis," Czerny hais. "Qhov twg peb tau teeb tsa ntau ntawm cov hlau no, suav nrog qhov pib ntawm kev ua haujlwm slab tiag tiag, peb yuav tsum tau tsav lub crane mus rau hauv qhov tob 5-taw-qhov tob."
Czerny tau hais tias lawv tau siv cov txheej txheem anchors uas zoo heev, suav nrog cov tshuab ua kom muaj zog zoo ib yam li siv hauv cov thee mining thiab qee cov chemical anchors. Thaum lub steel substructure yog anched nyob rau hauv qhob, lub superstructure yuav tsum tau ntsia rau lub plhaub yuav txuas.
"Peb tau pib los ntawm kev txhim kho lub kaw lus nrog ob lub loj 304 stainless hlau O-rings - ib qho nyob rau sab qaum teb kawg ntawm cov qauv thiab ib qho nyob rau sab qab teb kawg," Czerny hais tias (saib daim duab 3). Cov rings yog fastened nrog intersecting tubular trusses. Lub nplhaib core subframe yog seem thiab bolted nyob rau hauv qhov chaw siv GMAW thiab electrode welding reinforcements.
“Yog li ntawd muaj lub tsev loj loj no uas tsis muaj leej twg tau pom dua; Nws yog tag nrho rau cov qauv txheej txheem, "Czerny hais.
Txawm hais tias muaj kev siv zog zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim, engineering, fabricating thiab txhim kho tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog rau Oakland qhov project, cov duab puab tsis tau muaj dua, thiab cov kev tshiab yeej ib txwm nrog burrs thiab khawb. Ib yam li ntawd, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ib lub tuam txhab tsim cov tswv yim nrog lwm tus yog tsis yooj yim li hla lub baton. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub cev ntawm qhov chaw ua rau kev xa khoom qeeb, ua rau qee qhov ntawm qhov chaw tsim khoom tsim nyog.
"Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem sib dhos thiab vuam tau tsim ua ntej hauv Auckland, cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov chaw xav kom txhua tus muaj tswv yim," Silva hais. "Thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm koom siab zoo heev."
Thawj ob peb lub hlis, MTH txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los txiav txim siab seb yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm li cas rau ib hnub, thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj li tsim tau qee yam ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog los tsim cov subframe, nrog rau qee qhov struts, "shocks", caj npab, pins. , thiab, zoo li Hill hais, pogo sticks. xav tau los tsim ib qho chaw nyob ib ntus.
"Nws yog cov txheej txheem tas mus li, tsim thiab tsim khoom ntawm ya mus kom txhua yam txav mus thiab tau mus rau qhov chaw sai. Peb siv sijhawm ntau los txheeb xyuas qhov peb muaj, qee zaum rov tsim kho dua tshiab, thiab tom qab ntawd peb ua qhov tsim nyog.
Hill tau hais tias "Tsuas hnub Tuesday peb yuav muaj 10 yam uas peb xav tau hauv thaj teb hnub Wednesday," Hill hais. "Peb muaj ntau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm dhau sijhawm thiab feem ntau ntawm cov haujlwm hauv khw hauv tsev yog ua thaum nruab nrab hmo ntuj."
Czerny hais tias "Kwv yees li 75 feem pua ntawm cov rooj sib txoos sab hauv yog tsim lossis hloov kho ntawm qhov chaw," Czerny hais. “Muaj ob peb zaug peb tau ua 24 teev hauv ib hnub. Kuv nyob hauv lub khw mus txog 2 lossis 3 teev sawv ntxov thiab tuaj txog tsev thaum 5:30 sawv ntxov, da dej, nqa cov khoom, tseem ntub. ”
MTN kev ncua kev ncua ib ntus siv los sib sau ua ke ntawm lub cev muaj xws li springs, struts thiab cables. Tag nrho cov pob qij txha ntawm cov phiaj yog txuas ib ntus nrog bolts. Czerny tau hais tias "Yog li tag nrho cov qauv txuas nrog kev sib txuas, raug tshem tawm sab hauv los ntawm 304 trusses," Czerny hais.
Peb pib nrog lub dome ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub dab teg duab puab - "pob txha hauv lub dab teg." Lub dome raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov trusses siv ib ntus plaub-point suspension caij nplooj ntoos hlav txhawb nqa, muaj cov hangers, cables thiab springs. Raws li ntau cov laug cam ntxiv, cov springs dhau los ua "khoom plig," Czerny hais. Cov springs raug kho raws li qhov hnyav ntxiv ntawm txhua lub phaj kom sib npaug rau tag nrho cov duab puab.
Txhua ntawm 168 boards muaj nws tus kheej plaub-point ncua kev kawm ntawv thiab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, yog li lawv tau txais kev txhawb nqa nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Czerny hais tias "Lub tswv yim tsis yog los txhawb ob leeg ntawm cov pob qij txha vim tias lawv txuas nrog 0/0 qhov sib txawv," Czerny hais. "Yog tias lub rooj tsavxwm tsoo lub rooj tsavxwm hauv qab nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo thiab lwm yam teeb meem."
Daim ntawv pov thawj rau qhov tseeb ntawm PSI yog nws zoo heev haum nrog zoo tsis muaj backlash. Czerny tau hais tias "PSI tau ua txoj haujlwm zoo heev ua cov ntsiav tshuaj no." "Kuv muab credit rau lawv vim hais tias, thaum kawg, nws yeej haum. Qhov haum tau zoo tiag tiag uas yog qhov zoo heev rau kuv. Peb tab tom hais lus txog txhiab ntawm ib nti. ”
Silva hais tias, "Thaum lawv ua tiav lub rooj sib txoos, ntau tus neeg xav tias nws ua tiav," Silva hais tias, tsis yog vim cov seams nruj, tab sis kuj vim tias qhov sib dhos tag nrho thiab nws cov vaj huam sib luag zoo tib yam tau ua kom yuam kev. nws ib puag ncig. Tab sis lub pob tw seam yog pom, kua mercury tsis muaj seams. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov duab puab tseem yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav welded los tswj nws cov qauv kev ncaj ncees rau cov tiam tom ntej, Silva hais.
Kev ua tiav ntawm Cloud Gate yuav tsum tau ncua thaum lub tiaj ua si loj qhib thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 2004, yog li omphalus yog GTAW blot, uas yog vim li cas nws daig rau lub hlis.
"Koj tuaj yeem pom me ntsis xim av nyob ib ncig ntawm cov qauv uas yog TIG welds," Czerny hais. "Peb tau pib pitching tsev pheebsuab dua nyob rau lub Ib Hlis."
Silva hais tias "Qhov kev sib tw loj loj tom ntej rau txoj haujlwm no yog vuam seams yam tsis tau poob ntawm daim ntawv raug vim yog weld shrinkage," said Silva.
Raws li Czerny, plasma welding muab qhov tsim nyog lub zog thiab rigidity nrog tsawg txaus ntshai rau daim ntawv. Kev sib xyaw ntawm 98% argon thiab 2% helium yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev txo qis fouling thiab txhim kho melting.
Cov welders siv lub qhov tseem ceeb plasma vuam txoj kev siv lub Thermal Arc® lub hwj chim qhov chaw thiab lub tsheb laij teb tshwj xeeb thiab lub teeb sib dhos tsim thiab siv los ntawm PSI.
Post lub sij hawm: Feb-04-2023